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<title>Demotic Chronicle</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><i>Demotic Chronicle</i></span>

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<p>

The <i><b>Demotic Chronicle</b></i> is an <a href="Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptian</a> <a href="Prophetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic">prophetic</a> text.

The work is intended to provide a <a href="Chronicle" title="Chronicle">chronicle</a> of the <a href="Twenty-eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt">28th</a>, <a href="Twenty-ninth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-ninth dynasty of Egypt">29th</a> and <a href="Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">30th</a> dynasties<sup id="cite_ref-B551_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B551-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – thus the independence interval between the <a href="History_of_Achaemenid_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Achaemenid Egypt">two Persian dominations</a>. Rather than providing historical events occurred during the reigns of the <a href="Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaohs</a> of the aforementioned period, the <i>Demotic Chronicle</i> judges these rulers on the basis of their behaviour, explaining the length and prosperity of their reigns as an expression of <a href="Divine_will" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine will">divine will</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-B551_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B551-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Chronicle</i> also emphasizes the misrule of the "Medes" (i.e. the <a href="Achaemenids" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenids">Achaemenids</a>) and of the <a href="Ptolemies" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemies">Ptolemies</a>, and prophesies the coming of a native hero who will ascend to the throne and restore an era of <a href="Maat" title="Maat">order and justice</a> upon Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The anti-Achaemenid themes within the Demotic Chronicle especially focus on <a href="Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a>, <a href="Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes I</a> and <a href="Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The manuscript consists in a papyrus written in <a href="Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">demotic</a>; hence, its name. It was found during the <a href="Napoleonic_campaign_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic campaign in Egypt">Napoleonic campaign in Egypt</a> and now stored at the <a href="Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a> (Pap. 215). The work claims to date back to the time of pharaoh <a href="Teos_of_Egypt" title="Teos of Egypt">Teos</a> of the 30th Dynasty, although in fact it is a later work datable to the 3rd century BCE, likely composed under the reign of <a href="Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III Euergetes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-B551_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B551-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br>

</p><p>Despite its cryptic text, analysis of the <i>Demotic Chronicle</i> have allowed, among other things, to integrate the order of succession of the treated pharaohs with the informations provided by <a href="Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a>'s epitomes.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-B551-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-B551_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-B551_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-B551_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bresciani, op. cit., p. 551</span>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFBresciani1994" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="Edda_Bresciani" title="Edda Bresciani">Bresciani, Edda</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/demotic-chronicle">"DEMOTIC CHRONICLE"</a>. In <a href="Ehsan_Yarshater" title="Ehsan Yarshater">Yarshater, Ehsan</a> (ed.). <i><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>. Vol. VII/3: Dehqān I–Deylam, John of. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. <span class="nowrap">276–</span>277. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-56859-021-9</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Toby_Wilkinson" title="Toby Wilkinson">Toby Wilkinson</a>, <i>The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt</i>, Bloomsbury, London, 2010, p. 481</span>

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<ul><li><a href="Edda_Bresciani" title="Edda Bresciani">Edda Bresciani</a>, <i>Letteratura e poesia dell'antico Egitto</i>, Einaudi, Torino, 1969, pp. 551–60.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Joachim Friedrich Quack: <i>“As he Disregarded the Law, he was Replaced During his Own Lifetime”. On Criticism of Egyptian Rulers in the So-Called Demotic Chronicle.</i> In: Henning Börm (ed.): <i>Antimonarchic Discourse in Antiquity</i>. Steiner, Stuttgart 2015, 25–43.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorku.ca/pswarney/2110/dem-chron"><i>The Demotic Chronicle</i></a> (annotated translation)</li></ul>

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